ABSTRACT
To estimate the hospital attack rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the stratified basic reproduction number (R0) of its causative agent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a hospital setting in Taiwan. A total of 138 healthcare workers (HCWs) in a hospital who were exposed to COVID-19 within a patient household (January 14 to March 7,2020) were divided into two groups, based on their exposure level. All HCWs received throat swab SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR detection twice. Routine infection control policies included environmental disinfection, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and hand hygiene per Taiwan Centers for Disease Control guideline. The estimated attack rate and the R0were calculated. Compared with the "low-risk" exposure group, the "high-risk" exposure group was less likely to have used partial PPE, and more likely to have had contact time >1 hour, performed "aerosol-production" tasks, and developed symptoms during quarantine. None of the HCWs in either group acquired COVID-19. All HCWs wore surgical masks and performed routine environmental disinfection. Estimated R0was 1.46 and 0 for household and HCW models, respectively, implying that the index patient did not transmit COVID-19. Using masks may help prevent hospital-acquired COVID-19. © 2021 Society of Internal Medicine of Taiwan. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Families are a transmission route for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of the close contact. Monitoring of the viral load will be a valuable method to reduce the optimal number of quarantine days, especially in presymptomatic and symptomatic carriers of their households. The traditional three-generation families living together are seen frequently in East Asia, including in Taiwan. STUDY DESIGN: We report on a family cluster with six individuals infected with coronavirus disease in Taiwan. METHODS: The current public policy in Taiwan is quarantine for at least 14 days, based on the incubation period, or until the patient has tested negative three days in a row using the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Details on the onset date of clinical symptoms, throat swab conversion, and course of disease were collected from medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: In the household of this three-generation Taiwanese family, the infection rate was 60%. The ratio of males to females was 4:2, and the age range was 11-85 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic disease was 33.3% (2/6). The longest throat swab conversion time was 37 days, and the estimated course of disease from symptoms to first conversion of throat swab was 59 days. CONCLUSIONS: Large families, including three-generation families in a single dwelling, should be monitored when the index case is found. Presymptomatic and symptomatic family members could be quarantined for an appropriate duration which, in our experience, is 2 months.